Introducation
This tutorial is designed for beginners only and This tutorial explains the basics of
shell programming by showing some examples of shell programs. Its not help or
manual for the shell. While reading this tutorial you can find manual quite useful (
type man bash at $ prompt to see manual pages). Manual contains all necessary
information you need, but it won't have that much examples, which makes idea
more clear. For that reason, this tutorial contains examples rather than all the
features of shell. I assumes you have at least working knowledge of Linux i.e. basic
commands like how to create, copy, remove files/directories etc or how to use
editor like vi or mcedit and login to your system. Before Starting Linux Shell Script
Programming you must know
Kernell
Shelll
Processl
Redirectors, Pipes, Filters etc.l\
shell programming by showing some examples of shell programs. Its not help or
manual for the shell. While reading this tutorial you can find manual quite useful (
type man bash at $ prompt to see manual pages). Manual contains all necessary
information you need, but it won't have that much examples, which makes idea
more clear. For that reason, this tutorial contains examples rather than all the
features of shell. I assumes you have at least working knowledge of Linux i.e. basic
commands like how to create, copy, remove files/directories etc or how to use
editor like vi or mcedit and login to your system. Before Starting Linux Shell Script
Programming you must know
Kernell
Shelll
Processl
Redirectors, Pipes, Filters etc.l\
What's Kernel
Kernel is hart of Linux O/S. It manages resource of Linux O/S. Resources means
facilities available in Linux. For eg. Facility to store data, print data on printer,
memory, file management etc . Kernel decides who will use this resource, for how
long and when. It runs your programs (or set up to execute binary files) It's
Memory resident portion of Linux. It performance following task :-
I/O managementl
Process managementl
Device managementl
File managementl
Memory managementl
What's Linux Shell
Computer understand the language of 0's and 1's called binary language, In early
days of computing, instruction are provided using binary language, which is difficult
for all of us, to read and write. So in O/s there is special program called Shell. Shell
accepts your instruction or commands in English and translate it into computers
native binary language.
This is what Shell Does for US
NOTE: To find your shell type following command
$ echo $SHELL
$ echo $SHELL
How to use Shell
To use shell (You start to use your shell as soon as you log into your system) you
have to simply type commands. Following is the list of common commands.
Linux Common Commands
NOTE that following commands are for New users or for Beginners only. The
purpose is if you use this command you will be more familiar with your shell and
secondly, you need some of these command in your Shell script. If you want to get
more information or help for this command try following commands For e.g. To see
help or options related with date command try
$ date --help
or To see help or options related with ls command (Here you will screen by screen
help, since help of ls command is quite big that can't fit on single screen )
NOTE that following commands are for New users or for Beginners only. The
purpose is if you use this command you will be more familiar with your shell and
secondly, you need some of these command in your Shell script. If you want to get
more information or help for this command try following commands For e.g. To see
help or options related with date command try
$ date --help
or To see help or options related with ls command (Here you will screen by screen
help, since help of ls command is quite big that can't fit on single screen )
$ ls --help | more
Syntax: command-name --help
Syntax: man command-name
Syntax: info command-name
See what happened when you type following
$ man ls
$ info bash
NOTE: In MS-DOS, you get help by using /? clue or by typing help command as
C:\> dir /?
C:\> date /?
C:\> help time
C:\> help date
C:\> help
C:\> date /?
C:\> help time
C:\> help date
C:\> help
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